Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 530 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (41%), Italy (8%) and Slovenia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (26%), Libya (14%) and Norway (9%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan139 kt (est. 26%)Libya72 kt (est. 14%)Norway49 kt (est. 9%)Saudi Arabia37 kt (est. 7%)Iraq36 kt (est. 7%)United States35 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan24 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins64 kt (est. 12%)Slovenia: no refinery40 kt (7%)Austria: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)224 kt (42%)Germany219 kt (41%)Italy40 kt (8%)Slovenia40 kt (7%)Romania2.9 kt (<1%)Czechia2.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.0 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply530 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan139 kt (est. 26%)
- Libya72 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway49 kt (est. 9%)
- Saudi Arabia37 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq36 kt (est. 7%)
- United States35 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan24 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins64 kt (est. 12%)
- Slovenia: no refinery40 kt (7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 224,264 | 42.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 218,555 | 41.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 39,719 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 39,595 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,852 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,543 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,039 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 107,292 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 45,408 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 40,867 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 39,595 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 37,201 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 32,733 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 27,893 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 26,336 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 24,707 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 16,586 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 15,127 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 15,014 | 6.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 14,180 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 9,029 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 8,259 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 8,076 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 7,676 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 7,568 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 7,170 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 7,027 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 6,892 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 5,326 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,789 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,601 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,598 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,802 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,677 | 82.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,364 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,141 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,061 | 41.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 736 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 600 | 21.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 390 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 244 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 242 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 229 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 214 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 207 | 7.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Czechia | 170 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 148 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 118 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 96 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Romania | 91 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 89 | 3.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (39,595 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (15,014 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (14,180 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,641 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (303 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.