Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 197 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (34%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (34%), Libya (14%) and Saudi Arabia (9%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 34%)Libya28 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia17 kt (est. 9%)Norway16 kt (est. 8%)Iraq13 kt (est. 7%)United States10.0 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan7.7 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins23 kt (est. 12%)Austria: crude not from imports8.1 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)121 kt (62%)Germany67 kt (34%)Slovakia5.6 kt (3%)Croatia1.0 kt (<1%)Romania1.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.6 kt (<1%)Czechia0.5 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply197 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 34%)
- Libya28 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia17 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway16 kt (est. 8%)
- Iraq13 kt (est. 7%)
- United States10.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan7.7 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins23 kt (est. 12%)
- Austria: crude not from imports8.1 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 121,311 | 61.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 66,513 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 5,642 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,045 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 978 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 575 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 450 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 58,037 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 20,123 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 15,088 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 13,819 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 12,437 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 9,962 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 8,183 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 8,121 | 6.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 8,015 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,519 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 5,048 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,639 | 82.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,315 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,152 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 3,878 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 3,728 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,748 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,303 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 592 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 575 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 559 | 53.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Austria split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 468 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 411 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 360 | 34.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 347 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 206 | 21.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 188 | 41.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 130 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 126 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Austria split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 84 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 78 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 71 | 7.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 69 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 40 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 31 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 30 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 17 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 16 | 3.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 5 | 75.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (8,121 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,315 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,522 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (575 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (88 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.