Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Austria's jet fuel supply was 80 kt: 95% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (51%), Libya (15%) and Saudi Arabia (12%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan41 kt (est. 51%)Libya12 kt (est. 15%)Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 12%)Iraq5.4 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan2.0 kt (est. 3%)Ghana1.4 kt (est. 2%)Tunisia1.2 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.1 kt (est. 4%)Austria: crude not from imports4.0 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)77 kt (95%)Germany3.7 kt (5%)Austria: jet fuel supply80 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Kazakhstan41 kt (est. 51%)
- Libya12 kt (est. 15%)
- Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 12%)
- Iraq5.4 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan2.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Ghana1.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Tunisia1.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Austria: crude not from imports4.0 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: jet fuel supply | 76,558 | 95.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: jet fuel supply | 3,657 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 40,877 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 11,244 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 9,630 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 5,166 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 4,030 | 5.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,002 | 54.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 1,913 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Ghana | Austria (own refineries) | 1,357 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Tunisia | Austria (own refineries) | 1,231 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 1,111 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 428 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 401 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 239 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 230 | 6.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 127 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 109 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 107 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Ghana | Germany | 14 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (4,030 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (230 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (109 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.