Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Austria's jet fuel supply was 74 kt: 97% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (53%), Saudi Arabia (14%) and Azerbaijan (7%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan39 kt (est. 53%)Saudi Arabia10 kt (est. 14%)Azerbaijan5.5 kt (est. 7%)Algeria3.9 kt (est. 5%)Libya3.7 kt (est. 5%)Iraq3.6 kt (est. 5%)United States1.5 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. 1%)Austria: crude not from imports4.2 kt (6%)Austria: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)72 kt (97%)Germany2.1 kt (3%)Austria: jet fuel supply74 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Kazakhstan39 kt (est. 53%)
- Saudi Arabia10 kt (est. 14%)
- Azerbaijan5.5 kt (est. 7%)
- Algeria3.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya3.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq3.6 kt (est. 5%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Austria: crude not from imports4.2 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: jet fuel supply | 71,660 | 97.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: jet fuel supply | 2,070 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 38,771 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 10,235 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 5,418 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 4,206 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Austria (own refineries) | 3,867 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 3,522 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 3,517 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,135 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 952 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 881 | 42.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 351 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 285 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 130 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 112 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 109 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 95 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 53 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 40 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 14 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (4,206 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (952 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (112 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (95 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.