Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 187 kt: 72% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (42%), Saudi Arabia (11%) and Azerbaijan (6%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 42%)Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 11%)Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 6%)United States9.5 kt (est. 5%)Libya9.4 kt (est. 5%)Norway9.1 kt (est. 5%)Iraq8.9 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins24 kt (est. 13%)Austria: crude not from imports8.0 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports2.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)136 kt (72%)Germany43 kt (23%)Slovakia5.7 kt (3%)Hungary1.9 kt (<1%)Czechia0.5 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.3 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply187 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 42%)
- Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 11%)
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 6%)
- United States9.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya9.4 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway9.1 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq8.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins24 kt (est. 13%)
- Austria: crude not from imports8.0 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports2.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 135,533 | 72.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 43,189 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 5,702 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: petrol supply | 1,864 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 532 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 344 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 73,330 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 19,358 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 10,247 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 10,138 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,079 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 7,955 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 7,383 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,314 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 6,662 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 6,652 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5,939 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,872 | 85.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,703 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,347 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 2,284 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 2,147 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,979 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,801 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,528 | 82.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,107 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 617 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 344 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 336 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 299 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 242 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 213 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 183 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 78 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 29 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (7,955 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (2,347 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (1,979 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,801 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (365 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (344 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.