Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Austria's jet fuel supply was 70 kt: 94% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (47%), Libya (10%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan33 kt (est. 47%)Libya7.1 kt (est. 10%)Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 10%)Azerbaijan4.2 kt (est. 6%)Algeria3.7 kt (est. 5%)Iraq3.3 kt (est. 5%)United States1.4 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. 2%)Austria: crude origin not reported4.1 kt (6%)Austria: crude not from imports4.0 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)66 kt (94%)Germany4.2 kt (6%)Austria: jet fuel supply70 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Kazakhstan33 kt (est. 47%)
- Libya7.1 kt (est. 10%)
- Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 10%)
- Azerbaijan4.2 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria3.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq3.3 kt (est. 5%)
- United States1.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported4.1 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude not from imports4.0 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: jet fuel supply | 65,948 | 94.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: jet fuel supply | 4,239 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 32,763 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 6,753 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 6,738 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 4,115 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 4,030 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 4,028 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Austria (own refineries) | 3,627 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 3,156 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,720 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 712 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 691 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 565 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 380 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 329 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 176 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 151 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 111 | 2.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Germany | 93 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 22 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude origin not reported (4,115 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (4,028 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (329 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (111 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.