Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 227 kt: 76% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (41%), Libya (10%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan93 kt (est. 41%)Libya22 kt (est. 10%)Saudi Arabia18 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)Algeria10 kt (est. 5%)Iraq10 kt (est. 4%)United States9.0 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins23 kt (est. 10%)Austria: crude origin not reported11 kt (5%)Austria: crude not from imports11 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)172 kt (76%)Germany44 kt (19%)Slovakia5.2 kt (2%)Romania3.8 kt (2%)Hungary0.7 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.5 kt (<1%)Czechia0.4 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply227 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan93 kt (est. 41%)
- Libya22 kt (est. 10%)
- Saudi Arabia18 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria10 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq10 kt (est. 4%)
- United States9.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins23 kt (est. 10%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported11 kt (5%)
- Austria: crude not from imports11 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 172,316 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 44,039 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 5,175 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 3,828 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: petrol supply | 701 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 529 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 394 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 85,606 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 17,866 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 17,644 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 17,607 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 10,753 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 10,530 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 10,524 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Austria (own refineries) | 9,476 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 8,245 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,178 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5,873 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,216 | 81.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,953 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,420 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,859 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,825 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,606 | 42.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,569 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,157 | 2.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Germany | 971 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 707 | 18.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 660 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 565 | 80.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 529 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 513 | 13.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 487 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 312 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 298 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 227 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 204 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 196 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 136 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 109 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 51 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 27 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 12 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude origin not reported (10,753 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (10,524 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,420 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,283 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (529 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (513 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.