Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Austria's road diesel supply was 485 kt: 48% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (38%), Slovenia (6%) and Italy (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (32%), Libya (13%) and Norway (7%), and 18% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan154 kt (est. 32%)Libya64 kt (est. 13%)Norway33 kt (est. 7%)United States31 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia25 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins53 kt (est. 11%)Slovenia: no refinery28 kt (6%)Austria: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)Germany: crude not from imports6.2 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)234 kt (48%)Germany183 kt (38%)Slovenia28 kt (6%)Italy26 kt (5%)Slovakia9.9 kt (2%)Czechia2.7 kt (<1%)Hungary1.7 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply485 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan154 kt (est. 32%)
- Libya64 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway33 kt (est. 7%)
- United States31 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia25 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins53 kt (est. 11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery28 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude not from imports6.2 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 234,009 | 48.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 183,146 | 37.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 27,902 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 25,955 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 9,914 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,689 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,729 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 127,603 | 54.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 37,085 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,236 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 29,615 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 29,361 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 27,902 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 23,161 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 21,009 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 20,975 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 20,715 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 17,462 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 15,896 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 13,611 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 8,275 | 83.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 7,734 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 7,022 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 6,793 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,221 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,052 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 5,993 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 3,413 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,180 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,079 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 1,731 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,601 | 6.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,457 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,310 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,240 | 46.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,068 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,060 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 679 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 553 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 408 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 345 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 335 | 19.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 84 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 45 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 36 | 1.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 9 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 6 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 3 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 2 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 2 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 1 | 3.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 1 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 0 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | France | 0 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (27,902 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (21,009 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (15,896 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (13,611 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (6,221 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,525 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.