Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Austria's road diesel supply was 477 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (42%), Italy (7%) and Slovenia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (27%), Libya (14%) and Norway (8%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan128 kt (est. 27%)Libya68 kt (est. 14%)Norway40 kt (est. 8%)United States36 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom22 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins45 kt (est. 9%)Slovenia: no refinery35 kt (7%)Germany: crude origin not reported22 kt (5%)Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)Austria: crude origin not reported17 kt (4%)Germany: crude not from imports6.9 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)199 kt (42%)Germany201 kt (42%)Italy35 kt (7%)Slovenia35 kt (7%)Slovakia3.7 kt (<1%)Czechia2.9 kt (<1%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply477 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan128 kt (est. 27%)
- Libya68 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 8%)
- United States36 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom22 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins45 kt (est. 9%)
- Slovenia: no refinery35 kt (7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported22 kt (5%)
- Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported17 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude not from imports6.9 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 201,412 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 198,547 | 41.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 35,356 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 34,757 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 3,714 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,924 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 101,703 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 39,316 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 36,609 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 34,757 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 31,357 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 29,845 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 23,042 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,907 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 21,612 | 10.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 20,391 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 19,360 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 18,825 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 16,829 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 8,979 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 8,247 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,850 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 5,993 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,977 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,355 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 3,703 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,625 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,836 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,738 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,061 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,441 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 1,418 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,088 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 733 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 629 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 532 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 523 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 153 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 124 | 77.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 89 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 49 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 40 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 32 | 20.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary | 4 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (34,757 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (21,612 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (19,360 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (16,829 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (6,850 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,537 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.