Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 199 kt: 71% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (25%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (39%), Libya (16%) and Saudi Arabia (7%), and 17% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan78 kt (est. 39%)Libya32 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia14 kt (est. 7%)United States9.9 kt (est. 5%)Norway9.6 kt (est. 5%)Russia6.5 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom5.3 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins10 kt (est. 5%)Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (7%)Austria: crude origin not reported12 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported5.2 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.9 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)142 kt (71%)Germany49 kt (25%)Slovakia6.5 kt (3%)Slovenia0.9 kt (<1%)Czechia0.7 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply199 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan78 kt (est. 39%)
- Libya32 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia14 kt (est. 7%)
- United States9.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway9.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Russia6.5 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom5.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins10 kt (est. 5%)
- Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (7%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported12 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported5.2 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 141,537 | 71.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 48,842 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 6,483 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 939 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 719 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 72,500 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 26,097 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 13,801 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 13,420 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 11,997 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,534 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 8,660 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,237 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 6,327 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 5,588 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 5,312 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 5,241 | 10.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 4,945 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 2,639 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,661 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 1,083 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 939 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 664 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 268 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 155 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 131 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 129 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 86 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 70 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 38 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 11 | 77.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 3 | 20.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 0 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (13,801 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (11,997 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (5,241 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,889 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (939 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.