Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Austria's road diesel supply was 518 kt: 48% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (37%), Italy (7%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (30%), Libya (14%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan154 kt (est. 30%)Libya73 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia51 kt (est. 10%)Norway36 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan27 kt (est. 5%)United States25 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins56 kt (est. 11%)Slovenia: no refinery32 kt (6%)Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (3%)Austria: crude origin not reported9.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)250 kt (48%)Germany194 kt (37%)Italy34 kt (7%)Slovenia32 kt (6%)Slovakia4.4 kt (<1%)Czechia2.9 kt (<1%)Hungary0.4 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply518 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan154 kt (est. 30%)
- Libya73 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia51 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway36 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan27 kt (est. 5%)
- United States25 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins56 kt (est. 11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery32 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported9.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 250,261 | 48.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 193,587 | 37.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 34,389 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 31,784 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 4,437 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,926 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 122,911 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 47,253 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 36,956 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 35,545 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 35,249 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 31,784 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Germany | 30,887 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 25,609 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 23,503 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,928 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 13,994 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 13,556 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 12,970 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 9,441 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 7,858 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,064 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,773 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,739 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 5,182 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,910 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 4,287 | 12.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,068 | 91.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 1,971 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,768 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,346 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,279 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 730 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 494 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 388 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 347 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 317 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 271 | 77.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 216 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 53 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 52 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 26 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 8 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (31,784 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (13,994 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (12,970 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (9,441 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,393 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.