Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 200 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (22%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (39%), Saudi Arabia (14%) and Libya (14%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 39%)Saudi Arabia29 kt (est. 14%)Libya28 kt (est. 14%)Azerbaijan9.3 kt (est. 5%)Norway8.2 kt (est. 4%)Iraq7.3 kt (est. 4%)Russia6.8 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)Austria: crude not from imports8.3 kt (4%)Austria: crude origin not reported5.6 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported2.9 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)148 kt (74%)Germany44 kt (22%)Slovakia7.7 kt (4%)Czechia0.4 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.3 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply200 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 39%)
- Saudi Arabia29 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya28 kt (est. 14%)
- Azerbaijan9.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway8.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq7.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Russia6.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)
- Austria: crude not from imports8.3 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported5.6 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported2.9 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 148,008 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 43,888 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 7,675 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 443 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 320 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 72,691 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 27,946 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 20,847 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 15,954 | 36.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 8,276 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 8,058 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 8,017 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 7,002 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 6,822 | 88.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5,806 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 5,583 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 4,574 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,940 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 2,724 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,113 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 548 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 320 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 290 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 215 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 204 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 111 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 90 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 75 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 53 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 11 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Czechia | 1 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 0 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (8,276 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (5,583 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (2,940 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (320 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (92 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.