Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Austria's road diesel supply was 536 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (41%), Italy (9%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (29%), Libya (14%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan153 kt (est. 29%)Libya74 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia51 kt (est. 10%)Norway37 kt (est. 7%)United States31 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan28 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins73 kt (est. 14%)Slovenia: no refinery31 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports9.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.7 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)226 kt (42%)Germany221 kt (41%)Italy49 kt (9%)Slovenia31 kt (6%)Slovakia5.6 kt (1%)Czechia3.1 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply536 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan153 kt (est. 29%)
- Libya74 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia51 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway37 kt (est. 7%)
- United States31 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan28 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins73 kt (est. 14%)
- Slovenia: no refinery31 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported14 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports9.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 225,864 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 220,838 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 49,470 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 31,352 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 5,601 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 3,126 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 114,327 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 42,266 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 39,319 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 39,273 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 36,224 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 31,352 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 30,826 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 26,291 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 24,648 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 24,241 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 17,102 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 14,346 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 12,407 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 11,736 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 10,078 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 9,690 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 8,641 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 7,315 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 5,450 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 5,216 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 5,052 | 90.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 4,867 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 3,737 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 3,020 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,809 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,688 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,341 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 929 | 29.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 545 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 539 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 433 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 424 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 116 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 9 | 36.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 5 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 3 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 3 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 2 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 1 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | France | 0 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (31,352 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (14,346 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (9,690 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,220 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,737 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.