Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Austria's jet fuel supply was 110 kt: 94% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (48%), Saudi Arabia (18%) and Libya (11%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan53 kt (est. 48%)Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 18%)Libya12 kt (est. 11%)Azerbaijan5.8 kt (est. 5%)Iraq3.5 kt (est. 3%)Guyana2.5 kt (est. 2%)Senegal1.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins5.0 kt (est. 5%)Austria: crude not from imports4.4 kt (4%)Austria: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)103 kt (94%)Germany6.0 kt (5%)Netherlands1.1 kt (<1%)Austria: jet fuel supply110 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Kazakhstan53 kt (est. 48%)
- Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 18%)
- Libya12 kt (est. 11%)
- Azerbaijan5.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq3.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Guyana2.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Senegal1.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins5.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Austria: crude not from imports4.4 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: jet fuel supply | 102,822 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: jet fuel supply | 6,031 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Austria: jet fuel supply | 1,090 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 52,046 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 19,241 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 11,221 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 5,648 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 4,411 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,052 | 50.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 3,047 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 2,511 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Senegal | Austria (own refineries) | 1,741 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,701 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 1,255 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,074 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 842 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 733 | 67.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Austria split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 392 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 355 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 149 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 142 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Austria split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 133 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 97 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Austria split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 91 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Senegal | Germany | 35 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 27 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Austria split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (4,411 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (1,701 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (482 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.