Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 209 kt: 70% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (28%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (42%), Saudi Arabia (14%) and Libya (10%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan87 kt (est. 42%)Saudi Arabia30 kt (est. 14%)Libya22 kt (est. 10%)Norway10.0 kt (est. 5%)Guyana8.8 kt (est. 4%)United States8.5 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom6.2 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins24 kt (est. 12%)Austria: crude not from imports5.7 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)Austria: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)147 kt (70%)Germany59 kt (28%)Slovakia2.6 kt (1%)Slovenia0.5 kt (<1%)Czechia0.3 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply209 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Czechia
- Kazakhstan87 kt (est. 42%)
- Saudi Arabia30 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya22 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway10.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana8.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United States8.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom6.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins24 kt (est. 12%)
- Austria: crude not from imports5.7 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (2%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 146,858 | 70.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 58,714 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 2,634 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 471 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 303 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 79,070 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 28,726 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 12,361 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 11,620 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 10,244 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,873 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 9,435 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 8,794 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,972 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,430 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 6,228 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 5,677 | 3.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,427 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 2,435 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,265 | 86.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,178 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,100 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 471 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 187 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 183 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 120 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 103 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 47 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 33 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (5,677 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,427 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (2,435 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (471 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (187 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.