Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 194 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (28%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (41%), Saudi Arabia (11%) and Libya (10%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 41%)Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 11%)Libya20 kt (est. 10%)Guyana11 kt (est. 6%)United States8.3 kt (est. 4%)Norway7.2 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom5.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins26 kt (est. 13%)Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)135 kt (69%)Germany55 kt (28%)Slovakia3.7 kt (2%)Slovenia0.4 kt (<1%)Czechia0.1 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply194 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan79 kt (est. 41%)
- Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 11%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana11 kt (est. 6%)
- United States8.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway7.2 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom5.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins26 kt (est. 13%)
- Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 134,537 | 69.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 54,937 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 3,703 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 391 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 71,268 | 53.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 19,988 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 11,801 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 10,983 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 10,720 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 10,304 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 10,229 | 7.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 9,256 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,732 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,301 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,182 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 5,109 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,083 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,613 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,294 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,180 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,046 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 391 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 90 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 54 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 41 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 25 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 10 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 8 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 2 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (10,229 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,083 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,296 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (391 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.