Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Austria's road diesel supply was 525 kt: 43% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (42%), Italy (8%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (31%), Libya (13%) and the United States (7%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan161 kt (est. 31%)Libya68 kt (est. 13%)United States35 kt (est. 7%)Norway32 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 6%)Iraq26 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins80 kt (est. 15%)Slovenia: no refinery34 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports9.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.5 kt (2%)Austria (own refineries)225 kt (43%)Germany223 kt (42%)Italy40 kt (8%)Slovenia34 kt (6%)Czechia2.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.7 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply525 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan161 kt (est. 31%)
- Libya68 kt (est. 13%)
- United States35 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway32 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq26 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins80 kt (est. 15%)
- Slovenia: no refinery34 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports9.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.5 kt (2%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 224,719 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 222,899 | 42.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 40,410 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 34,129 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,540 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 704 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 125,524 | 55.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 40,370 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 34,129 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Germany | 31,503 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 30,886 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 30,837 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 30,169 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 26,782 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 26,383 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 24,306 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,534 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 18,326 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 13,926 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 12,901 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 11,983 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 9,887 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 9,741 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Italy | 5,322 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,146 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,626 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,980 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,719 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,250 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,228 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 886 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 658 | 93.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 555 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 515 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 482 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 351 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 232 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 217 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 46 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (34,129 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (18,326 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (9,741 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,478 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.