Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 199 kt: 75% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (45%), Libya (14%) and Iraq (8%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan89 kt (est. 45%)Libya28 kt (est. 14%)Iraq17 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia13 kt (est. 7%)Norway7.3 kt (est. 4%)United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)Guyana5.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 9%)Austria: crude not from imports8.6 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)149 kt (75%)Germany47 kt (23%)Slovakia2.6 kt (1%)Czechia0.4 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.4 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply199 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan89 kt (est. 45%)
- Libya28 kt (est. 14%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia13 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway7.3 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Guyana5.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 9%)
- Austria: crude not from imports8.6 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 148,975 | 74.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 46,681 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 2,640 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 415 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 381 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 82,350 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 20,999 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 14,282 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 12,738 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 11,485 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 8,595 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,204 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 6,938 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,739 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,221 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 5,743 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,523 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,268 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 2,469 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,375 | 89.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 738 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 381 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 365 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 265 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 155 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 83 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 74 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 66 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 37 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 5 | 71.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2 | 24.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 0 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (8,595 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,523 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (776 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (381 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.