Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Austria's petrol supply was 216 kt: 76% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (21%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (49%), Libya (13%) and Iraq (8%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan106 kt (est. 49%)Libya28 kt (est. 13%)Iraq17 kt (est. 8%)Guyana12 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 5%)Norway7.4 kt (est. 3%)United States6.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.4 kt (2%)Austria: crude not from imports3.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery1.3 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)164 kt (76%)Germany46 kt (21%)Hungary2.9 kt (1%)Slovakia1.4 kt (<1%)Slovenia1.3 kt (<1%)Czechia0.3 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply216 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan106 kt (est. 49%)
- Libya28 kt (est. 13%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 8%)
- Guyana12 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway7.4 kt (est. 3%)
- United States6.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.4 kt (2%)
- Austria: crude not from imports3.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery1.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 164,081 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 46,093 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: petrol supply | 2,907 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,385 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,261 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 325 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 98,375 | 60.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 21,065 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 15,003 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 11,659 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 11,112 | 24.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 10,643 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,310 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,176 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 6,922 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,566 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,449 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 3,840 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 3,495 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 2,036 | 70.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,814 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 1,261 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,098 | 79.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 746 | 25.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 568 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 211 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 175 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 125 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 114 | 35.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 76 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 71 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 67 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 60 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 14 | 4.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,449 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (3,840 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,403 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (1,261 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.