Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Austria's petrol supply was 181 kt: 71% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (25%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (36%), Libya (16%) and Guyana (8%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan64 kt (est. 36%)Libya29 kt (est. 16%)Guyana14 kt (est. 8%)Iraq11 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom10 kt (est. 6%)United States9.1 kt (est. 5%)Norway8.3 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins21 kt (est. 11%)Austria: crude not from imports11 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)130 kt (71%)Germany46 kt (25%)Slovakia4.3 kt (2%)Czechia1.1 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.1 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply181 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan64 kt (est. 36%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 16%)
- Guyana14 kt (est. 8%)
- Iraq11 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom10 kt (est. 6%)
- United States9.1 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway8.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins21 kt (est. 11%)
- Austria: crude not from imports11 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 129,528 | 71.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 46,143 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 4,286 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,124 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 57,016 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 21,483 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 12,570 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 10,706 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 10,387 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 9,590 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,997 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,278 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 7,157 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 7,030 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria (own refineries) | 5,681 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,620 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,702 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,913 | 91.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,034 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 2,096 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 1,541 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,083 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 701 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 649 | 57.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 340 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 317 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 142 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 135 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 55 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 4 | 54.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 3 | 40.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 0 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (10,706 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,034 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,021 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (142 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.