Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Austria's road diesel supply was 543 kt: 41% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (45%), Slovenia (7%) and Italy (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (25%), Guyana (10%) and Libya (10%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan136 kt (est. 25%)Guyana55 kt (est. 10%)Libya55 kt (est. 10%)United States48 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom45 kt (est. 8%)Norway44 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins75 kt (est. 14%)Slovenia: no refinery39 kt (7%)Austria: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)220 kt (41%)Germany245 kt (45%)Slovenia39 kt (7%)Italy29 kt (5%)Czechia5.1 kt (<1%)Belgium4.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.2 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply543 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan136 kt (est. 25%)
- Guyana55 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya55 kt (est. 10%)
- United States48 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom45 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway44 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia21 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins75 kt (est. 14%)
- Slovenia: no refinery39 kt (7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 245,369 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 220,140 | 40.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 38,666 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 29,226 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 5,081 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Austria: road diesel supply | 4,442 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 99,184 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 41,349 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 41,261 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 38,666 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Germany | 37,837 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 31,535 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 29,178 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 26,272 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 25,961 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 24,130 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 22,669 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 20,508 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria (own refineries) | 17,878 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 11,981 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 11,750 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 11,109 | 38.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 9,937 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,845 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 7,343 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 6,735 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,017 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,671 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,622 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,910 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,714 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,483 | 29.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 842 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 772 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 674 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 570 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 552 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 494 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 392 | 1.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 377 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 294 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 251 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 111 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 61 | 37.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 49 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 28 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 27 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 25 | 15.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 11 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 9 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 2 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (38,666 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (11,981 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (11,750 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (687 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (25 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.