Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Austria's road diesel supply was 508 kt: 44% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (43%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (31%), the United States (11%) and Guyana (9%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan157 kt (est. 31%)United States58 kt (est. 11%)Guyana47 kt (est. 9%)Norway44 kt (est. 9%)Libya43 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom31 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins45 kt (est. 9%)Slovenia: no refinery31 kt (6%)Austria: crude not from imports17 kt (3%)Origin not reported: crude unknown7.4 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports6.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)225 kt (44%)Germany220 kt (43%)Slovenia31 kt (6%)Italy18 kt (4%)Czechia4.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.0 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgiumless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported7.4 kt (1%)Austria: road diesel supply508 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Czechia
- Slovakia
- France
- Belgium
- Other (1)
- Kazakhstan157 kt (est. 31%)
- United States58 kt (est. 11%)
- Guyana47 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway44 kt (est. 9%)
- Libya43 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom31 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins45 kt (est. 9%)
- Slovenia: no refinery31 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude not from imports17 kt (3%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown7.4 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports6.7 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 224,777 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 220,211 | 43.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 31,375 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 17,802 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Austria: road diesel supply | 7,441 | 1.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 3,967 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,049 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 122,915 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 43,072 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 39,329 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 35,498 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 31,375 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 30,312 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 29,277 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 22,570 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 19,540 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 19,366 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 17,592 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 16,767 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 16,624 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 10,192 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria (own refineries) | 8,209 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 7,441 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,680 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 6,145 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 5,791 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 4,424 | 24.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 2,834 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 1,801 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,420 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,374 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 1,251 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,039 | 50.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 864 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 843 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 685 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 524 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 381 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 338 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Czechia | 277 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 243 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 235 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 198 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 99 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 95 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 12 | 35.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 8 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 6 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 3 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 2 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 2 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 2 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 1 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 0 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 0 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 0 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 0 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Austria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 0 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (31,375 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (16,624 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (7,441 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (6,680 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,528 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (339 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (7,441 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.