Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Austria's jet fuel supply was 102 kt: 94% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (53%), the United States (19%) and Libya (11%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 53%)United States19 kt (est. 19%)Libya11 kt (est. 11%)Guyana3.9 kt (est. 4%)Iraq2.5 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan2.0 kt (est. 2%)Norway0.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.6 kt (est. 2%)Austria: crude not from imports6.8 kt (7%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)97 kt (94%)Germany5.9 kt (6%)Austria: jet fuel supply102 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 53%)
- United States19 kt (est. 19%)
- Libya11 kt (est. 11%)
- Guyana3.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq2.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan2.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Austria: crude not from imports6.8 kt (7%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: jet fuel supply | 96,591 | 94.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: jet fuel supply | 5,870 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 53,599 | 55.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 17,569 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 10,344 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 6,775 | 7.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 3,560 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 2,460 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 1,788 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,627 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,131 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 931 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 900 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 622 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 497 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 364 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 236 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 55 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-07 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (6,775 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.