Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Austria's petrol supply was 224 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (22%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (49%), the United States (14%) and Libya (10%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan110 kt (est. 49%)United States31 kt (est. 14%)Libya22 kt (est. 10%)Guyana18 kt (est. 8%)Norway8.1 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom5.2 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan4.5 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 7%)Austria: crude not from imports6.5 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)165 kt (74%)Germany49 kt (22%)Slovakia7.5 kt (3%)Czechia1.6 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.4 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply224 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Czechia
- Slovenia
- Kazakhstan110 kt (est. 49%)
- United States31 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya22 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana18 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway8.1 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom5.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan4.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports6.5 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 165,453 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 49,023 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 7,510 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,613 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 422 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 102,143 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 19,745 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 16,952 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 14,219 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 11,123 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,722 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 7,663 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 6,548 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 6,471 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 5,568 | 74.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 4,542 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,333 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 4,196 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 3,576 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 2,270 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,735 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,224 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 844 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 559 | 34.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 475 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 422 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 409 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 358 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 331 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 290 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 106 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 95 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 89 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (6,548 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,313 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (424 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (422 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.