Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Belgium's petrol supply was 508 kt: 74% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (13%) and the United Kingdom (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (17%), Kazakhstan (13%) and Norway (13%), and 21% cannot be traced.
Country
United States85 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 13%)Norway66 kt (est. 13%)Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria23 kt (est. 4%)Iraq20 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins83 kt (est. 16%)Belgium: crude origin not reported52 kt (10%)United Kingdom: no crude data38 kt (7%)Smaller flows: no crude data9.8 kt (2%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)376 kt (74%)Netherlands65 kt (13%)United Kingdom38 kt (7%)Germany13 kt (3%)France6.2 kt (1%)Singapore5.0 kt (<1%)Norway4.8 kt (<1%)Belgium: petrol supply508 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- France
- Singapore
- Norway
- United States85 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan66 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway66 kt (est. 13%)
- Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria23 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq20 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins83 kt (est. 16%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported52 kt (10%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data38 kt (7%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data9.8 kt (2%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: petrol supply | 375,700 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: petrol supply | 64,900 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: petrol supply | 38,100 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: petrol supply | 13,400 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: petrol supply | 6,200 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: petrol supply | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium: petrol supply | 4,800 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 72,443 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 66,630 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 55,467 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 52,536 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium (own refineries) | 51,868 | 13.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 38,100 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium (own refineries) | 26,433 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 18,662 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 16,772 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 15,010 | 23.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium (own refineries) | 13,468 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 10,112 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,816 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 6,925 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 6,285 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,811 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 5,776 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Singapore | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Norway | 4,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 4,152 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,014 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,723 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,331 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,321 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 1,969 | 31.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,891 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium (own refineries) | 1,420 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | France | 1,205 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,082 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,064 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 851 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 793 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 656 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 489 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 463 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 356 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 350 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 324 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 246 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 207 | 3.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 200 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | France | 78 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of petrol in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (51,868 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (38,100 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (9,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (5,811 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,943 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,271 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.