Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Belgium's petrol supply was 450 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (18%) and France (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (25%), the United States (22%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway111 kt (est. 25%)United States97 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan49 kt (est. 11%)Nigeria31 kt (est. 7%)Guyana30 kt (est. 7%)Iraq18 kt (est. 4%)Brazil17 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins73 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom: no crude data6.0 kt (1%)Singapore: no crude data5.8 kt (1%)Norway: no crude data4.6 kt (1%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)303 kt (67%)Netherlands81 kt (18%)France49 kt (11%)United Kingdom6.0 kt (1%)Singapore5.8 kt (1%)Norway4.6 kt (1%)Germany0.4 kt (<1%)Belgium: petrol supply450 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- France
- United Kingdom
- Singapore
- Norway
- Germany
- Norway111 kt (est. 25%)
- United States97 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan49 kt (est. 11%)
- Nigeria31 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana30 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq18 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil17 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins73 kt (est. 16%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data6.0 kt (1%)
- Singapore: no crude data5.8 kt (1%)
- Norway: no crude data4.6 kt (1%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: petrol supply | 302,500 | 67.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: petrol supply | 81,100 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: petrol supply | 49,200 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: petrol supply | 6,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: petrol supply | 5,800 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium: petrol supply | 4,600 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 90,291 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 62,841 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 45,615 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 34,405 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 30,065 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 20,954 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 20,733 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 15,892 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 13,996 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 13,682 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 13,256 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 10,989 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 8,655 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium (own refineries) | 7,561 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 7,193 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 6,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 5,953 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 5,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | France | 5,705 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 5,539 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 4,901 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 4,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 4,534 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,238 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 3,205 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 1,516 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | France | 508 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 476 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 134 | 33.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | France | 98 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 69 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 63 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 61 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 26 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Germany | 13 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 12 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 9 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 6 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 5 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of petrol in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (6,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (5,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Norway: no crude data (4,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (4,534 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,522 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (503 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.