Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Belgium's petrol supply was 431 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (17%) and France (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (26%), the United States (22%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway110 kt (est. 26%)United States94 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria31 kt (est. 7%)Guyana24 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins65 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom: no crude data18 kt (4%)Norway: no crude data5.4 kt (1%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.4 kt (1%)Singapore: no crude data4.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)275 kt (64%)Netherlands74 kt (17%)France48 kt (11%)United Kingdom18 kt (4%)Germany7.0 kt (2%)Norway5.4 kt (1%)Singapore4.8 kt (1%)Belgium: petrol supply431 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- France
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- Norway
- Singapore
- Norway110 kt (est. 26%)
- United States94 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria31 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana24 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins65 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data18 kt (4%)
- Norway: no crude data5.4 kt (1%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.4 kt (1%)
- Singapore: no crude data4.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: petrol supply | 274,500 | 63.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: petrol supply | 74,200 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: petrol supply | 47,500 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: petrol supply | 18,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: petrol supply | 7,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium: petrol supply | 5,400 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: petrol supply | 4,800 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 89,966 | 32.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 59,025 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 37,060 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 23,933 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 23,070 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 20,848 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 18,814 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 18,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 15,932 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 15,277 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 13,674 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 12,575 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 11,258 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium (own refineries) | 8,687 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,916 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 5,900 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 5,400 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 5,388 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,381 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | France | 5,300 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 5,055 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 4,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,627 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 3,376 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 2,740 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,713 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,125 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,061 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,044 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 775 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 755 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium (own refineries) | 654 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 529 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Germany | 480 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 362 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 241 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 240 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 208 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 112 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | France | 99 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of petrol in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (18,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Norway: no crude data (5,400 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (5,381 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Singapore: no crude data (4,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,618 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (769 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.