Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Belgium's petrol supply was 487 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (19%), France (14%) and the United Kingdom (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (26%), the United States (20%) and Nigeria (8%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway125 kt (est. 26%)United States96 kt (est. 20%)Nigeria41 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan33 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)Guyana16 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins70 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom: no crude data51 kt (11%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported6.9 kt (1%)Singapore: no crude data5.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)268 kt (55%)Netherlands93 kt (19%)France69 kt (14%)United Kingdom51 kt (11%)Singapore5.3 kt (1%)Germany0.4 kt (<1%)Belgium: petrol supply487 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- France
- United Kingdom
- Singapore
- Germany
- Norway125 kt (est. 26%)
- United States96 kt (est. 20%)
- Nigeria41 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan33 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana16 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins70 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data51 kt (11%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported6.9 kt (1%)
- Singapore: no crude data5.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: petrol supply | 268,200 | 55.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: petrol supply | 92,700 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: petrol supply | 68,800 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: petrol supply | 51,200 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: petrol supply | 5,300 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 99,770 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 53,080 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 51,200 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 31,480 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 25,854 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 22,390 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 20,905 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 20,482 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 19,590 | 28.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 18,748 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 18,747 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 15,630 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 15,476 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,569 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 8,447 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium (own refineries) | 8,162 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 7,542 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 6,932 | 7.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 6,466 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 6,240 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 5,300 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | France | 4,794 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 4,604 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 4,360 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 766 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 524 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | France | 144 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 104 | 26.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 72 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 65 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 49 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 44 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 38 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 12 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 10 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 6 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of petrol in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (51,200 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (6,932 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Singapore: no crude data (5,300 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (766 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (10 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.