Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Belgium's petrol supply was 439 kt: 65% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (16%) and France (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (28%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (13%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway122 kt (est. 28%)United States71 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan57 kt (est. 13%)United Kingdom30 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria26 kt (est. 6%)Guyana18 kt (est. 4%)Brazil15 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins73 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom: no crude data15 kt (3%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported4.8 kt (1%)Singapore: no crude data4.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)287 kt (65%)Netherlands69 kt (16%)France62 kt (14%)United Kingdom15 kt (3%)Singapore4.8 kt (1%)Germany1.8 kt (<1%)Belgium: petrol supply439 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- France
- United Kingdom
- Singapore
- Germany
- Norway122 kt (est. 28%)
- United States71 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan57 kt (est. 13%)
- United Kingdom30 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria26 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana18 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil15 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins73 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data15 kt (3%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported4.8 kt (1%)
- Singapore: no crude data4.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: petrol supply | 286,600 | 65.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: petrol supply | 68,900 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: petrol supply | 62,100 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: petrol supply | 15,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: petrol supply | 4,800 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: petrol supply | 1,800 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 102,464 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 39,411 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 39,109 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 38,083 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 23,373 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 18,771 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 17,451 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 17,312 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 16,894 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 15,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France | 14,882 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 13,890 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 13,225 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 11,760 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 7,312 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 6,561 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 6,290 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 5,984 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,885 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 5,011 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 4,848 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 4,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Brazil | France | 2,795 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,585 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium (own refineries) | 2,086 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 964 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 653 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 459 | 25.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 352 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 321 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 248 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 184 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 144 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 55 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 26 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 11 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (15,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (4,848 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Singapore: no crude data (4,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,739 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (55 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.