Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 252 kt: 94% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 98% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.7 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)Azerbaijan0.5 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.3 kt (est. <1%)Guyana0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported236 kt (94%)Egypt: no crude data12 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)236 kt (94%)Egypt12 kt (5%)Greece2.7 kt (1%)Romania1.7 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply252 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Egypt
- Greece
- Romania
- Other (1)
- Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Azerbaijan0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported236 kt (94%)
- Egypt: no crude data12 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Apr 2026)
11.8 thousand tonnes
5% of Bulgaria's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Egypt12 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 235,688 | 93.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Egypt | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 11,751 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 2,690 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 1,698 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 235,688 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 11,751 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 737 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 581 | 34.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 559 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 499 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 449 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 327 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 321 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 320 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 211 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 151 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 148 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 66 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 46 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 19 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (235,688 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Egypt: no crude data (11,751 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (581 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (46 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (46 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.