Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 275 kt: 78% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Egypt (10%) and Türkiye (5%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 95% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan6.2 kt (est. 2%)Iraq2.8 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan1.8 kt (est. <1%)Libya1.1 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.8 kt (est. <1%)Guyana0.6 kt (est. <1%)Côte d’Ivoire0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported208 kt (76%)Egypt: no crude data28 kt (10%)Türkiye: no crude data15 kt (5%)Bulgaria: crude not from imports5.1 kt (2%)Romania: crude not from imports3.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)213 kt (78%)Egypt28 kt (10%)Türkiye15 kt (5%)Romania11 kt (4%)Greece6.8 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply275 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Egypt
- Türkiye
- Romania
- Greece
- Other (1)
- Kazakhstan6.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq2.8 kt (est. 1%)
- Azerbaijan1.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported208 kt (76%)
- Egypt: no crude data28 kt (10%)
- Türkiye: no crude data15 kt (5%)
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports5.1 kt (2%)
- Romania: crude not from imports3.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2026)
3.0 thousand tonnes
1% of Bulgaria's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Romania3.0 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 213,299 | 77.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Egypt | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 28,307 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 15,010 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 11,089 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 6,815 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 208,198 | 97.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 28,307 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 15,010 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Bulgaria: crude not from imports | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 5,101 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 4,727 | 42.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 2,965 | 26.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Greece | 2,824 | 41.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 1,632 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 1,505 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 1,059 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 489 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Romania | 453 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 453 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 445 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 414 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 341 | 5.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Greece | 316 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Greece | 140 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 139 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 69 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (208,198 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Egypt: no crude data (28,307 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Türkiye: no crude data (15,010 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports (5,101 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Romania: crude not from imports (2,965 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (341 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (69 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (69 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.