Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Bulgaria's jet fuel supply was 19 kt: 94% from its own refineries, with imports from Greece (6%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 94% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq0.4 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan0.3 kt (est. 2%)Libya0.2 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.1 kt (est. <1%)Egyptless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Azerbaijanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Norwayless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported18 kt (94%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)18 kt (94%)Greece1.1 kt (6%)Bulgaria: jet fuel supply19 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Greece
- Iraq0.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan0.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Egyptless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Azerbaijanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norwayless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported18 kt (94%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: jet fuel supply | 17,792 | 94.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: jet fuel supply | 1,089 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 17,792 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Greece | 387 | 35.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 297 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 164 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 67 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 47 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 41 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 30 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 24 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 23 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 8 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (17,792 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (23 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.