Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 300 kt: 93% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 94% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan6.4 kt (est. 2%)Iraq4.2 kt (est. 1%)Libya2.1 kt (est. <1%)Norway1.7 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia1.2 kt (est. <1%)Azerbaijan1.0 kt (est. <1%)Egypt0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported264 kt (88%)Bulgaria: crude not from imports16 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)280 kt (93%)Greece13 kt (4%)Romania7.2 kt (2%)Belgium0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply300 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Greece
- Romania
- Belgium
- Kazakhstan6.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya2.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Azerbaijan1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Egypt0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported264 kt (88%)
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports16 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 280,006 | 93.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 12,866 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 7,175 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 264,343 | 94.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Bulgaria: crude not from imports | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 15,663 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Greece | 4,184 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 3,417 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,941 | 41.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,929 | 26.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Greece | 1,915 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 1,203 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 902 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 759 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 752 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 531 | 4.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt | Greece | 476 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 417 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 269 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 234 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 112 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 37 | 53.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 10 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 8 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 7 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 5 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (264,343 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports (15,663 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,929 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (953 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.