Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 334 kt: 84% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 94% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan8.7 kt (est. 3%)Iraq4.0 kt (est. 1%)Libya2.6 kt (est. <1%)Norway1.2 kt (est. <1%)Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. <1%)Egypt0.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported280 kt (84%)Origin not reported: crude unknown27 kt (8%)Romania: crude not from imports3.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data2.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)280 kt (84%)Romania13 kt (4%)Greece11 kt (3%)Serbia2.6 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported27 kt (8%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply334 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Romania
- Greece
- Serbia
- Other (1)
- Kazakhstan8.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq4.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya2.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Egypt0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported280 kt (84%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown27 kt (8%)
- Romania: crude not from imports3.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data2.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 280,383 | 83.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 26,969 | 8.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 13,050 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 11,211 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 2,614 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 280,383 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 26,969 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 5,726 | 43.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 4,024 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 3,512 | 26.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 3,004 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Serbia | 2,614 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Greece | 1,835 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 1,488 | 11.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 823 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 776 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 763 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 743 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 457 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 343 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 321 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 268 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 178 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (280,383 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (26,969 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Romania: crude not from imports (3,512 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (2,614 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,488 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (178 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (26,969 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.