Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 206 kt: 73% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Turkmenistan (12%) and Israel (8%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 94% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan4.5 kt (est. 2%)Iraq2.5 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan2.1 kt (est. 1%)Libya1.3 kt (est. <1%)Guyana0.6 kt (est. <1%)Côte d’Ivoire0.5 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported150 kt (73%)Turkmenistan: no crude data25 kt (12%)Israel: no crude data16 kt (8%)Romania: crude not from imports2.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)150 kt (73%)Turkmenistan25 kt (12%)Israel16 kt (8%)Romania9.2 kt (4%)Greece5.9 kt (3%)Belgiumless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply206 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Turkmenistan
- Israel
- Romania
- Greece
- Belgium
- Kazakhstan4.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq2.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Azerbaijan2.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported150 kt (73%)
- Turkmenistan: no crude data25 kt (12%)
- Israel: no crude data16 kt (8%)
- Romania: crude not from imports2.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 149,723 | 72.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Turkmenistan | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 24,839 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 15,988 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 9,192 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 5,923 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 149,723 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Turkmenistan: no crude data | Turkmenistan | 24,839 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 15,988 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 3,059 | 33.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 2,525 | 27.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Greece | 2,517 | 42.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 1,871 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 1,411 | 23.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 963 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 572 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Romania | 469 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 372 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 367 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 324 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 298 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 200 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 166 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 16 | 67.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 3 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 0 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (149,723 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Turkmenistan: no crude data (24,839 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Israel: no crude data (15,988 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Romania: crude not from imports (2,525 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (166 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.