Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Bulgaria's road diesel supply was 263 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Egypt (11%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 99% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan1.5 kt (est. <1%)Azerbaijan0.5 kt (est. <1%)Guyana0.2 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.2 kt (est. <1%)Côte d’Ivoire0.1 kt (est. <1%)Iraqless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported224 kt (85%)Egypt: no crude data29 kt (11%)Serbia: no crude data6.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)224 kt (85%)Egypt29 kt (11%)Serbia6.0 kt (2%)Romania3.5 kt (1%)Greece0.1 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria: road diesel supply263 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Egypt
- Serbia
- Romania
- Greece
- Other (1)
- Kazakhstan1.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Azerbaijan0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraqless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported224 kt (85%)
- Egypt: no crude data29 kt (11%)
- Serbia: no crude data6.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 224,279 | 85.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Egypt | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 29,016 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 6,033 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: road diesel supply | 3,526 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 224,279 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 29,016 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Serbia: no crude data | Serbia | 6,033 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,461 | 41.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 894 | 25.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 485 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 236 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 172 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 132 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Romania | 114 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 47 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 46 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 32 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 22 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 20 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 15 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 13 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 7 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Greece | 3 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (224,279 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Egypt: no crude data (29,016 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Serbia: no crude data (6,033 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (894 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (46 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (46 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.