Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Bulgaria's jet fuel supply was 17 kt: 82% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Romania (16%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (7%), and 87% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan1.2 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan0.4 kt (est. 2%)Libya0.2 kt (est. 1%)Canada0.2 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.1 kt (est. <1%)United States0.1 kt (est. <1%)Guyana0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported14 kt (82%)Romania: crude not from imports0.7 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria (own refineries)14 kt (82%)Romania2.6 kt (16%)Greece0.4 kt (2%)Bulgaria: jet fuel supply17 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Romania
- Greece
- Kazakhstan1.2 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan0.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya0.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Canada0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- United States0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported14 kt (82%)
- Romania: crude not from imports0.7 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: jet fuel supply | 14,042 | 82.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: jet fuel supply | 2,642 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria: jet fuel supply | 358 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 14,019 | 99.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,151 | 43.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 703 | 26.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 412 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Romania | 167 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 135 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 83 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 82 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 61 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 59 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 47 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 42 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 32 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 23 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 14 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Greece | 11 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Bulgaria split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-07 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (14,019 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Romania: crude not from imports (703 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (37 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.