Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Bulgaria's petrol supply was 145 kt: 88% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Romania (9%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 93% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan2.1 kt (est. 1%)Guyana0.8 kt (est. <1%)Canada0.6 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)Ukraine0.2 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported123 kt (85%)Bulgaria: crude not from imports4.2 kt (3%)Romania: crude not from imports4.1 kt (3%)Serbia: no crude data3.4 kt (2%)Bulgaria (own refineries)128 kt (88%)Romania14 kt (9%)Serbia3.4 kt (2%)Bulgaria: petrol supply145 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Bulgaria (own refineries)
- Romania
- Serbia
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan2.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Guyana0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Canada0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Ukraine0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported123 kt (85%)
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports4.2 kt (3%)
- Romania: crude not from imports4.1 kt (3%)
- Serbia: no crude data3.4 kt (2%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria (own refineries) | Bulgaria: petrol supply | 127,648 | 88.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Romania | Bulgaria: petrol supply | 13,663 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Bulgaria: petrol supply | 3,428 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 123,450 | 96.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 5,427 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude not from imports | Bulgaria (own refineries) | 4,198 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 4,124 | 30.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Serbia: no crude data | Serbia | 3,428 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 2,120 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 782 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Romania | 579 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 469 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Romania | 162 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Bulgaria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Bulgaria’s supply of petrol in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (123,450 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Bulgaria: crude not from imports (4,198 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Romania: crude not from imports (4,124 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Serbia: no crude data (3,428 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.