Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Croatia's road diesel supply was 306 kt: 33% from its own refineries, with imports from Italy (30%), Greece (19%) and Slovenia (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (25%), Kazakhstan (16%) and Azerbaijan (13%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya75 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan49 kt (est. 16%)Azerbaijan40 kt (est. 13%)Iraq21 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 4%)Norway8.6 kt (est. 3%)United States7.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins22 kt (est. 7%)Slovenia: no refinery53 kt (17%)Croatia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (3%)Italy: crude not from imports8.3 kt (3%)Croatia (own refineries)102 kt (33%)Italy93 kt (30%)Greece58 kt (19%)Slovenia53 kt (17%)Croatia: road diesel supply306 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Italy
- Greece
- Slovenia
- Libya75 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan49 kt (est. 16%)
- Azerbaijan40 kt (est. 13%)
- Iraq21 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway8.6 kt (est. 3%)
- United States7.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins22 kt (est. 7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery53 kt (17%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (3%)
- Italy: crude not from imports8.3 kt (3%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Total supply (Aug 2025)
306.3 thousand tonnes
100% of Croatia's road diesel supply
Official
Last shipped from
- Croatia (own refineries)102 kt (33%)
- Italy93 kt (30%)
- Greece58 kt (19%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 102,200 | 33.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 92,700 | 30.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 58,300 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 53,100 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 53,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 46,049 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 24,829 | 24.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 22,689 | 22.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 19,922 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 19,809 | 21.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 16,867 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 15,371 | 26.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 13,876 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 11,312 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 9,108 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 8,633 | 8.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 8,282 | 8.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Greece | 7,616 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 7,294 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 6,619 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 5,380 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 4,567 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 2,567 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 1,390 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,019 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (53,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (8,633 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Italy: crude not from imports (8,282 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.