Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Croatia's road diesel supply was 269 kt: 39% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Italy (32%), Slovenia (20%) and Greece (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (19%), Angola (15%) and Libya (13%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan50 kt (est. 19%)Angola39 kt (est. 15%)Libya35 kt (est. 13%)Kazakhstan23 kt (est. 9%)Iraq9.0 kt (est. 3%)Russia8.2 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia6.4 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins26 kt (est. 10%)Slovenia: no refinery53 kt (20%)Croatia: crude not from imports10 kt (4%)Italy: crude not from imports5.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)104 kt (39%)Italy86 kt (32%)Slovenia53 kt (20%)Greece15 kt (5%)Hungary11 kt (4%)Croatia: road diesel supply269 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Italy
- Slovenia
- Greece
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan50 kt (est. 19%)
- Angola39 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya35 kt (est. 13%)
- Kazakhstan23 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq9.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Russia8.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia6.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins26 kt (est. 10%)
- Slovenia: no refinery53 kt (20%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports10 kt (4%)
- Italy: crude not from imports5.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Mar 2025)
11.0 thousand tonnes
4% of Croatia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Russia8.2 kt (est. 74%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.3 kt (21%)
- Azerbaijan0.3 kt (est. 2%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 104,200 | 38.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 86,000 | 32.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 53,400 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 14,500 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Croatia: road diesel supply | 11,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 53,400 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Angola | Croatia (own refineries) | 37,826 | 36.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 37,783 | 36.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 24,960 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 20,437 | 23.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 11,901 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 11,573 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 11,418 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 10,255 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 8,160 | 74.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 6,918 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 5,602 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Italy | 5,121 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 5,012 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 4,281 | 29.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 3,838 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 3,470 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2,274 | 20.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Angola | Italy | 1,394 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 1,347 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,126 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 439 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary | 265 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 181 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 121 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (53,400 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (10,255 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Italy: crude not from imports (5,602 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,274 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.