Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Croatia's road diesel supply was 295 kt: 44% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (20%), Italy (17%) and Greece (16%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Guyana (19%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Libya (12%), and 24% cannot be traced.
Country
Guyana57 kt (est. 19%)Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 19%)Libya34 kt (est. 12%)Kazakhstan30 kt (est. 10%)Iraq11 kt (est. 4%)United States9.7 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia8.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins19 kt (est. 6%)Slovenia: no refinery58 kt (20%)Switzerland: no crude data9.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)131 kt (44%)Slovenia58 kt (20%)Italy51 kt (17%)Greece46 kt (16%)Switzerland9.0 kt (3%)Croatia: road diesel supply295 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Greece
- Switzerland
- Guyana57 kt (est. 19%)
- Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 19%)
- Libya34 kt (est. 12%)
- Kazakhstan30 kt (est. 10%)
- Iraq11 kt (est. 4%)
- United States9.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia8.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins19 kt (est. 6%)
- Slovenia: no refinery58 kt (20%)
- Switzerland: no crude data9.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (May 2026)
8.4 thousand tonnes
est. 3% of Croatia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported8.4 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Refined in
- Greece4.5 kt (est. 53%)
- Italy3.9 kt (est. 47%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 131,100 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 58,100 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 50,900 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 46,200 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Switzerland | Croatia: road diesel supply | 9,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 58,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Guyana | Croatia (own refineries) | 56,316 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 48,806 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 13,900 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 12,650 | 24.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 12,079 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 10,671 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 10,072 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 9,624 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland: no crude data | Switzerland | 9,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 8,103 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 7,956 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 7,717 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,972 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 5,149 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 4,536 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 4,486 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 3,928 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,412 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Greece | 1,093 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,015 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 716 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (58,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Switzerland: no crude data (9,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,412 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.