Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Croatia's road diesel supply was 281 kt: 30% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (23%), Italy (21%) and Greece (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (28%), Libya (7%) and Nigeria (7%), and 40% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan80 kt (est. 28%)Libya20 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria19 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan15 kt (est. 5%)Iraq15 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia8.0 kt (est. 3%)Norway3.3 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins8.7 kt (est. 3%)Slovenia: no refinery63 kt (23%)Switzerland: no crude data24 kt (9%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported12 kt (4%)Italy: crude not from imports5.9 kt (2%)Bosnia and Herzegovina: no crude data5.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)86 kt (30%)Slovenia63 kt (23%)Italy60 kt (21%)Greece30 kt (11%)Switzerland24 kt (9%)Bulgaria12 kt (4%)Bosnia and Herzegovina5.5 kt (2%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Croatia: road diesel supply281 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Greece
- Switzerland
- Bulgaria
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan80 kt (est. 28%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria19 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan15 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq15 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia8.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway3.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins8.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Slovenia: no refinery63 kt (23%)
- Switzerland: no crude data24 kt (9%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported12 kt (4%)
- Italy: crude not from imports5.9 kt (2%)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: no crude data5.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2024)
24.5 thousand tonnes
9% of Croatia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Switzerland24 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 85,599 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 63,356 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 59,774 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 30,227 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Switzerland | Croatia: road diesel supply | 24,495 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Croatia: road diesel supply | 12,157 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia: road diesel supply | 5,452 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 70,277 | 82.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 63,356 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Switzerland: no crude data | Switzerland | 24,495 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Croatia (own refineries) | 15,322 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 13,154 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 12,157 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Greece | 9,566 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 9,310 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 8,244 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,472 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 7,054 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 6,656 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 5,868 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Italy | 5,688 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina: no crude data | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5,452 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 5,145 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 2,995 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2,849 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,897 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 1,368 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,232 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 899 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Greece | 602 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 4 | 71.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (63,356 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Switzerland: no crude data (24,495 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (12,157 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Italy: crude not from imports (5,868 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: no crude data (5,452 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (900 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.