Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Croatia's road diesel supply was 260 kt: 43% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (35%) and Italy (21%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (20%), Kazakhstan (9%) and Azerbaijan (8%), and 49% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya52 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan24 kt (est. 9%)Azerbaijan21 kt (est. 8%)Côte d’Ivoire9.6 kt (est. 4%)Guyana5.7 kt (est. 2%)Iraq4.8 kt (est. 2%)United States4.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 4%)Slovenia: no refinery90 kt (35%)Croatia: crude not from imports27 kt (10%)Italy: crude not from imports5.4 kt (2%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)112 kt (43%)Slovenia90 kt (35%)Italy54 kt (21%)Bulgaria3.2 kt (1%)Austria1.0 kt (<1%)Croatia: road diesel supply260 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Bulgaria
- Austria
- Libya52 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan24 kt (est. 9%)
- Azerbaijan21 kt (est. 8%)
- Côte d’Ivoire9.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana5.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq4.8 kt (est. 2%)
- United States4.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 4%)
- Slovenia: no refinery90 kt (35%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports27 kt (10%)
- Italy: crude not from imports5.4 kt (2%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2026)
5.4 thousand tonnes
2% of Croatia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Italy5.4 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 112,100 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 89,800 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 53,800 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Croatia: road diesel supply | 3,200 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Croatia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 89,800 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 38,646 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 26,575 | 23.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 19,149 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 13,184 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 12,544 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 11,547 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Croatia (own refineries) | 9,595 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 8,183 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Croatia (own refineries) | 5,590 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 5,356 | 10.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Italy | 4,780 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 4,728 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,673 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 3,123 | 97.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 1,349 | 2.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 440 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 166 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 124 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 97 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 83 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Bulgaria | 77 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Austria | 74 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 16 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (89,800 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (26,575 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Italy: crude not from imports (5,356 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (3,123 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,349 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (159 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.