Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Croatia's petrol supply was 90 kt: 86% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (62%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (14%) and the Russia (7%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 62%)Democratic Republic of the Congo13 kt (est. 14%)Russia6.2 kt (est. 7%)Niger4.3 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan2.2 kt (est. 2%)Hungary0.2 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)Slovenia: no refinery4.1 kt (5%)Croatia: crude not from imports2.6 kt (3%)Serbia: no crude data1.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)77 kt (86%)Slovakia5.9 kt (7%)Slovenia4.1 kt (5%)Serbia1.8 kt (2%)Hungary1.0 kt (1%)Croatia: petrol supply90 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Serbia
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 62%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo13 kt (est. 14%)
- Russia6.2 kt (est. 7%)
- Niger4.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan2.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- United Kingdom0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Slovenia: no refinery4.1 kt (5%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports2.6 kt (3%)
- Serbia: no crude data1.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: petrol supply | 77,411 | 85.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Croatia: petrol supply | 5,860 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: petrol supply | 4,066 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Croatia: petrol supply | 1,775 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Croatia: petrol supply | 983 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 55,601 | 71.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Croatia (own refineries) | 12,706 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 5,248 | 89.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Niger | Croatia (own refineries) | 4,324 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 4,066 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 2,609 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 2,171 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Serbia: no crude data | Serbia | 1,775 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary | 912 | 92.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 229 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 218 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 165 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 49 | 4.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 19 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 3 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of petrol in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (4,066 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (2,609 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Serbia: no crude data (1,775 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (49 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.