Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Croatia's petrol supply was 65 kt: 23% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Switzerland (46%), Slovakia (18%) and Hungary (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (22%), and 76% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia15 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)Croatia0.3 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom0.3 kt (est. <1%)Switzerland: no crude data30 kt (46%)Croatia: crude not from imports15 kt (23%)Slovenia: no refinery3.0 kt (5%)Hungary: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)15 kt (23%)Switzerland30 kt (46%)Slovakia11 kt (18%)Hungary6.0 kt (9%)Slovenia3.0 kt (5%)Croatia: petrol supply65 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Switzerland
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- Slovenia
- Russia15 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Croatia0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- United Kingdom0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Switzerland: no crude data30 kt (46%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports15 kt (23%)
- Slovenia: no refinery3.0 kt (5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | Croatia: petrol supply | 29,765 | 45.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: petrol supply | 14,655 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Croatia: petrol supply | 11,412 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Croatia: petrol supply | 5,956 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: petrol supply | 2,997 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switzerland: no crude data | Switzerland | 29,765 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 14,655 | 100.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 10,498 | 92.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,051 | 68.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,997 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,128 | 18.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 637 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 497 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary | 280 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 277 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Croatia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of petrol in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Switzerland: no crude data (29,765 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (14,655 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (2,997 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (1,128 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (637 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.