Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Croatia's petrol supply was 33 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Greece (81%), Slovenia (13%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (25%), Kazakhstan (23%) and Libya (16%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq8.2 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan7.6 kt (est. 23%)Libya5.2 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia3.7 kt (est. 11%)Norway1.0 kt (est. 3%)Egypt0.8 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. 2%)Slovenia: no refinery4.3 kt (13%)Greece: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Greece26 kt (81%)Slovenia4.3 kt (13%)Austria2.0 kt (6%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Croatia: petrol supply33 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Iraq8.2 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan7.6 kt (est. 23%)
- Libya5.2 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia3.7 kt (est. 11%)
- Norway1.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Egypt0.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Slovenia: no refinery4.3 kt (13%)
- Greece: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Croatia: petrol supply | 26,481 | 80.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: petrol supply | 4,264 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Croatia: petrol supply | 2,020 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece | 8,231 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 6,356 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 4,926 | 18.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 4,264 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 3,517 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,236 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 1,033 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 761 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 572 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece | 567 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 518 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's petrol to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 260 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 214 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 131 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 77 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 58 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Croatia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 44 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1 | 75.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 0 | 15.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 0 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (4,264 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (567 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (131 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (44 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.