Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Croatia's road diesel supply was 279 kt: 48% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (28%), Greece (11%) and Italy (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (18%), Libya (15%) and Nigeria (9%), and 35% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 18%)Libya41 kt (est. 15%)Nigeria26 kt (est. 9%)Angola24 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)Iraq8.7 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia4.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 5%)Slovenia: no refinery78 kt (28%)Croatia: crude not from imports10 kt (4%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)133 kt (48%)Slovenia78 kt (28%)Greece30 kt (11%)Italy27 kt (10%)Hungary5.8 kt (2%)Bulgaria5.1 kt (2%)Croatia: road diesel supply279 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 18%)
- Libya41 kt (est. 15%)
- Nigeria26 kt (est. 9%)
- Angola24 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq8.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia4.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 5%)
- Slovenia: no refinery78 kt (28%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports10 kt (4%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 133,400 | 47.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 77,500 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 29,900 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 27,300 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Croatia: road diesel supply | 5,800 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Croatia: road diesel supply | 5,100 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 77,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 46,455 | 34.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 28,783 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia (own refineries) | 23,989 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Croatia (own refineries) | 23,833 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 10,339 | 7.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 8,553 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 6,615 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,365 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 6,256 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 5,596 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 5,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 4,394 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 3,590 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,345 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 2,994 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2,583 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,187 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,089 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,684 | 6.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 1,458 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,403 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,123 | 19.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 870 | 2.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Greece | 769 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 462 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Angola | Italy | 381 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 283 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (77,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (10,339 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (5,100 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,269 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (870 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.