Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Croatia's road diesel supply was 297 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Greece (23%), Slovenia (22%) and Italy (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (21%), Libya (20%) and Iraq (9%), and 33% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan61 kt (est. 21%)Libya60 kt (est. 20%)Iraq28 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia8.6 kt (est. 3%)United States5.1 kt (est. 2%)Norway3.5 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 4%)Slovenia: no refinery66 kt (22%)Croatia: crude not from imports28 kt (9%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)123 kt (42%)Greece68 kt (23%)Slovenia66 kt (22%)Italy39 kt (13%)Hungary1.4 kt (<1%)Croatia: road diesel supply297 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Greece
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan61 kt (est. 21%)
- Libya60 kt (est. 20%)
- Iraq28 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia8.6 kt (est. 3%)
- United States5.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway3.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins11 kt (est. 4%)
- Slovenia: no refinery66 kt (22%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports28 kt (9%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: road diesel supply | 123,300 | 41.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Greece | Croatia: road diesel supply | 67,700 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: road diesel supply | 65,500 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: road diesel supply | 38,900 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Croatia: road diesel supply | 1,400 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 65,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 51,702 | 41.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 39,431 | 32.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia (own refineries) | 27,770 | 22.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Greece | 26,692 | 39.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 13,757 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 11,118 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 9,517 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,766 | 20.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 5,955 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 5,848 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 5,124 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 4,398 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 3,743 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,491 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 3,046 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,869 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,617 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,896 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Croatia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 1,493 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,203 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 999 | 71.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 464 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 219 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Croatia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 182 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Croatia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (65,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (27,770 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,051 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,493 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.