Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Croatia's petrol supply was 97 kt: 86% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Guyana (37%), Azerbaijan (33%) and Libya (10%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Guyana36 kt (est. 37%)Azerbaijan32 kt (est. 33%)Libya9.9 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan8.4 kt (est. 9%)United States0.4 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. <1%)Slovenia: no refinery9.5 kt (10%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data0.1 kt (<1%)Croatia (own refineries)84 kt (86%)Slovenia9.5 kt (10%)Italy4.1 kt (4%)Serbia0.1 kt (<1%)Croatia: petrol supply97 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Croatia (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Serbia
- Guyana36 kt (est. 37%)
- Azerbaijan32 kt (est. 33%)
- Libya9.9 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan8.4 kt (est. 9%)
- United States0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Slovenia: no refinery9.5 kt (10%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia (own refineries) | Croatia: petrol supply | 83,700 | 85.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Croatia: petrol supply | 9,500 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia: petrol supply | 4,100 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Croatia: petrol supply | 100 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guyana | Croatia (own refineries) | 35,954 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia (own refineries) | 31,160 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 9,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Croatia (own refineries) | 8,874 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia (own refineries) | 7,712 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Croatia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,019 | 24.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 829 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 653 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 562 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 415 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 316 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 194 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Italy | 112 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Croatia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Serbia | 100 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Croatia’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (9,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (194 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (100 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.