Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Cyprus' road diesel supply was 28 kt, all of it imported, from Greece (72%) and Israel (28%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (31%), Kazakhstan (16%) and Libya (9%), and 29% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Sep 2023)
793 tonnes
est. 3% of Cyprus's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported0.8 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Greece0.8 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 20,574 | 72.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus: road diesel supply | 7,810 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece | 8,831 | 42.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 7,810 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 4,622 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 2,555 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 1,014 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 983 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 864 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 793 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Greece | 459 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Cyprus split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece | 454 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Cyprus’s supply of road diesel in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (7,810 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (454 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.